keepalived: Configure Floating IP in CentOS 7 Servers

In this article, we will configure a Floating IP address for the cluster of two web servers by using KeepAlived.

 

Table of Contents:

• What is Floating IP Address?
• What is KeepAlived?
• System Specification
• Configure KeepAlived on webserver-01
• Configure KeepAlived on webserver-02
• Testing KeepAlived Configuration
• Conclusion

 

What is Floating IP Address? :

Floating IP address is used to support failover in a high-availability cluster. The cluster is configured such that only the active member of the cluster "owns" or responds to that IP address at any given time. Should the active member fail, then "ownership" of the floating IP address would be transferred to a standby member to promote it as the new active member. Specifically, the member to be promoted issues a gratuitous ARP, announcing the new MAC address–to–IP address association.

 

What is KeepAlived? :

Keepalived is a routing software written in C. The main goal of this project is to provide simple and robust facilities for loadbalancing and high-availability to Linux system and Linux based infrastructures. Loadbalancing framework relies on well-known and widely used Linux Virtual Server (IPVS) kernel module providing Layer4 loadbalancing. Keepalived implements a set of checkers to dynamically and adaptively maintain and manage loadbalanced server pool according their health. On the other hand high-availability is achieved by VRRP protocol. VRRP is a fundamental brick for router failover. In addition, Keepalived implements a set of hooks to the VRRP finite state machine providing low-level and high-speed protocol interactions. Keepalived frameworks can be used independently or all together to provide resilient infrastructures.

KeepAlived performs well with haproxy load balancers. Have a look at our article on how to install and configure haproxy load balancer on CentOS 7.

 

System Specification:

We have two webservers webserver-01.centlinux.com and webserver-02.centlinux.com.

Hostname	webserver-01.centlinux.com	webserver-02.centlinux.com
IP Address	192.168.116.31/24	192.168.116.32/24
Operating System	CentOS 7	CentOS 7
Web Server	Nginx	Nginx

Floating IP Address: 192.168.116.50/24

To ensure that our webservers are properly configured and browsable, open their URLs in a Browser.

I have set different index pages on both servers, to differentiate between servers, when we are accessing them via the Floating IP address.

 

Configure KeepAlived on webserver-01:

Connect to webserver-01.centlinux.com and install keepalived by using yum command.

[root@webserver-01 ~]# yum install -y keepalived
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
localyum                                                 | 4.1 kB     00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keepalived.x86_64 0:1.2.10-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libnetsnmp.so.31()(64bit) for package: keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetsnmpagent.so.31()(64bit) for package: keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetsnmpmibs.so.31()(64bit) for package: keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7 will be installed
---> Package net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                  Arch        Version               Repository     Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 keepalived               x86_64      1.2.10-2.el7          localyum      218 k
Installing for dependencies:
 net-snmp-agent-libs      x86_64      1:5.7.2-18.el7        localyum      698 k
 net-snmp-libs            x86_64      1:5.7.2-18.el7        localyum      745 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 1.6 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                              2.6 MB/s | 1.6 MB  00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                          1/3
  Installing : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                    2/3
  Installing : keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64                               3/3
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                          1/3
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                    2/3
  Verifying  : keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64                               3/3

Installed:
  keepalived.x86_64 0:1.2.10-2.el7

Dependency Installed:
  net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7 net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7

Complete!

Set Linux Kernel parameters as follows to support Floating IP.

[root@webserver-01 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@webserver-01 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@webserver-01 ~]#

Now configure keepalived settings.

[root@webserver-01 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@webserver-01 keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.org
[root@webserver-01 keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf

Add following directives and save.

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
  root@webserver-01.centlinux.com
   }
   notification_email_from root@webserver-01.centlinux.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eno16777728
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101 #used in election, 101 for master & 100 for backup
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.116.50/24
    }
}

Start and enable keepalived service.

[root@webserver-01 keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived ; systemctl enable keepalived
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service'

Check IP Address of the server.

[root@webserver-01 keepalived]# ip addr | grep "inet" | grep "eno16777728"
    inet 192.168.116.31/24 brd 192.168.116.255 scope global eno16777728
    inet 192.168.116.50/24 scope global secondary eno16777728
[root@webserver-01 keepalived]#

You might observe that the Floating IP: 192.168.116.50 has been assigned to the network interface.

 

Configure KeepAlived on webserver-02:

Connect to webserver-02.centlinux.com and install keepalived by using yum command.

[root@webserver-02 ~]# yum install -y keepalived
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
localyum                                                 | 4.1 kB     00:00
nginx                                                    | 2.9 kB     00:01
rpmforge                                                 | 1.9 kB     00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keepalived.x86_64 0:1.2.10-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libnetsnmp.so.31()(64bit) for package: keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetsnmpagent.so.31()(64bit) for package: keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnetsnmpmibs.so.31()(64bit) for package: keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7 will be installed
---> Package net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                  Arch        Version               Repository     Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 keepalived               x86_64      1.2.10-2.el7          localyum      218 k
Installing for dependencies:
 net-snmp-agent-libs      x86_64      1:5.7.2-18.el7        localyum      698 k
 net-snmp-libs            x86_64      1:5.7.2-18.el7        localyum      745 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 1.6 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                               11 MB/s | 1.6 MB  00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                          1/3
  Installing : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                    2/3
  Installing : keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64                               3/3
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                          1/3
  Verifying  : 1:net-snmp-agent-libs-5.7.2-18.el7.x86_64                    2/3
  Verifying  : keepalived-1.2.10-2.el7.x86_64                               3/3

Installed:
  keepalived.x86_64 0:1.2.10-2.el7

Dependency Installed:
  net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7 net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-18.el7

Complete!

Set Linux Kernel parameters as follows to support Floating IP.

[root@webserver-02 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@webserver-02 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1

Now configure keepalived settings.

[root@webserver-02 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@webserver-02 keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.org
[root@webserver-02 keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf

Add following directives and save.

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
  root@webserver-02.centlinux.com
   }
   notification_email_from root@webserver-02.centlinux.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eno16777728
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100 #used in election, 101 for master & 100 for backup
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.116.50/24
    }
}

Start and enable keepalived service.

[root@webserver-02 keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived ; systemctl enable keepalived
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service'

Check IP Address of the server.

[root@webserver-02 keepalived]# ip addr | grep "inet" | grep "eno16777728"
    inet 192.168.116.32/24 brd 192.168.116.255 scope global eno16777728
    inet 192.168.116.50/24 scope global secondary eno16777728
[root@webserver-02 keepalived]#

You might observe that the Floating IP: 192.168.116.50 has been assigned to the network interface.

 

Testing KeepAlived Configuration:

Open the Floating IP Address http://192.168.116.50 in a browser.

Refresh webpage multiple times, and you will always get the result from same server i.e. webserver-01.centlinux.com.

Now, make webserver-01.centlinux.com unavailable by disconnecting its network connection.

[root@webserver-01 ~]# nmcli c down eno16777728

Again Refresh your webpage.

You can see that, due to unavailability of webserver-01.centlinux.com the Floating IP is now moved to webserver-02.centlinux.com.

 

Conclusion:

We have successfully configured Floating IP by using KeepAlived in CentOS 7. This aricle is written completely in commandline environment, therefore if you feel any difficulty, then you should buy and read The Linux Command Line, 2nd Edition: A Complete Introduction by William Shotts.