Kickstart is an installation method, used by Red Hat to automatically perform unattended Operating System installation and configuration. With Kickstart, a system administrator can create a single file containing the answers to all the questions that would normally be asked during a typical installation.
In our previous post “Setup a PXE Boot Server in RHEL/CentOS 7”, we have configured a PXE boot server for network installations of new systems. However, the installation method is manual. Now, in this article, we will combine the Kickstart with PXE boot Server to setup fully automated, unattended and consistent installations for our PXE clients.
Note: In this article, we are performing everything from CLI, therefore, it is highly recommended that, you should have Linux Pocket Guide: Essential Commands for quick reference.
Table of Contents:
System Specification:
We use the same Linux server that we have configured as PXE Boot Server in our previous article. The specifications have been re-mentioned below for convenience of the readers.
- CPU - 2 Core (2.4 Mhz)
- Memory - 2 GB
- Storage - 50 GB
- Operating System - RHEL 7.5
- Hostname - pxe-server.itlab.com
- IP Address - 192.168.116.41/24
Create a Kickstart file:
Kickstart file is a text file and can be created using any available text editor. Furthermore, we also have a very handy GUI tool in Linux called Kickstart Configurator. With Kickstart Configurator, we can simply select the options and the Kickstart file will automatically generated by the software.
Kickstart configurator is provided in system-config-kickstart.noarch package. And can be run using command system-config-kickstart (you need an X-Server to display the software interface). Some screenshots of the Kickstart Configurator are as follows:
Kickstart Configurator is quiet handy tool and anyone can create a complicated Kickstart file in just a few clicks.
Alternatively, we can use a system generated Kickstart template, which is created by the Anaconda installer during operating system installation in the home directory of root user (i.e. /root/anaconda-ks.cfg). This file contains the actual user inputs/selections that has been made during the installation of Operating System on that machine. Therefore, we can use this Kickstart template after adjusting the contents according to our requirements.
Copy the anaconda-ks.cfg to our FTP public directory.
# cp anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/pub/rhel7/rhel7.cfg # chmod +r /var/ftp/pub/rhel7/rhel7.cfg
Now edit the rhel7.cfg file.
# vi /var/ftp/pub/rhel7/rhel7.cfg
The final contents of the rhel7.cfg are:
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$vyNMLtgd$VmtByshddZSBK..uuFhoH0
# Use network installation
url --url="ftp://192.168.116.41/pub/rhel7"
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --enforcing
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled --ssh
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Karachi
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
autopart --type=lvm
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --none --initlabel
%addon com_redhat_kdump --disable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
# Packages to be installed
%packages
@core
%end
We have successfully created a Kickstart file for automated installations. To make it usable by our PXE boot server, we have to include it in the menu command of tftp.
Configure PXE boot server to use Kickstart file:
Edit the PXE boot menu for BIOS based clients.
# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
and append the kickstart directive therein. Contents of this file after editing are:
default menu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 30
menu title Ahmer's PXE Menu
label Install RHEL 7.5
kernel /networkboot/rhel7/vmlinuz
append initrd=/networkboot/rhel7/initrd.img inst.repo=ftp://192.168.116.41/pub/rhel7 ks=ftp://192.168.116.41/pub/rhel7/rhel7.cfg
Similarly, edit the PXE boot menu for UEFI based clients.
# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/grub.cfg
and append the kickstart directive therein. Contents of this file after editing are:
set timeout=60
menuentry 'Install RHEL 7.5' {
linuxefi /networkboot/rhel7/vmlinuz inst.repo=ftp://192.168.116.41/pub/rhel7/ inst.ks=ftp://192.168.116.41/pub/rhel7/rhel7.cfg
initrdefi /networkboot/rhel7/initrd.img
}
Test the configurations with BIOS and UEFI based machines. Now, the whole installation is automated, and operating system will be installed and configured as per our Kickstart file.
Everything here works like a charm. I got my first pxe boot server working with automated installation in 1 client. Thank you so much for this!
ReplyDeleteIt's my pleasure.
DeleteDaaang!!! Great article. Steps are very clear with description to follow!! �� i appreciated it all your effort! I learn some good stuff from your Blog! I have only one concern regarding search engine. You should include a search engine in your blog to easily navigate/search to the website. But beside that everything is awsome.
ReplyDeleteHi,
DeleteThanks you for the appreciation.
A search box is already embedded in the page. But as per you advice, I will move it a better place for more accessibility.
Bhai you are awesome as i mentioned earlier in my post...your tutorial are very well written. person like me who have no prior Linux experience can follow and achieve. i learned too many things from your blog... i would like to say thankyou for your dedication and effort. I just faced one issue what so far is root passwd in ks.cfg file. which i reset it through emergency mode. what i did is i copied my root passwd from shadow file exactly and copied into ks.cfg file. after installation i won't able to login with the same passwd. can you please suggest? what could be wrong? i make sure i copy/paste correct root passwd from my shadow file or is there anyway that i want root set there passwd on login? i will really appreciate.
ReplyDeletethankyou again...
Thanks for appreciation.
DeleteMay be there is some issue of character sets or encryption scheme.
Try to use a plain text password as follows.
rootpw 123
Sorry Forget to mention about Search box. now you set it up on the right place easy to access and view. thankyou for that too..
ReplyDeleteWorking on it.
DeleteHow can I do this postscript when the installation is done via PXE and not with a cdrom? "mount dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom"
ReplyDeleteYou can do this in following ways.
Delete1) Mount the CDROM at a directory on the server and use it in PXE.
2) Copy the Content of CDROM at a directory on the Server and use it in PXE.
sir is it possible to do with dual boot,if system already have windows 7 installed.i need to dualboot centos 7 along side with windows 7 in lab
ReplyDeleteYes. just boot you system from network and the rest of the steps are same as installing from a CDROM.
DeleteGreat article with a great value as all that I have read from you
ReplyDelete