Apache ANT (Another Neat Tool) is a Java Library and Command-line tool to automate software build processes. It is mostly used by open source community to compile and build Java applications. Apache ANT is platform independent. It uses a XML file build.xml to create script for the build process. The same build.xml file can be used on any platform to build the Java application.
In this article, we will install Apache ANT on RHEL/CentOS 7.6 machine and create a build.xml file to compile and build a simple Java application.
This Article Provides:
System Specification:
Apache ANT does not have any special system requirements. We are using a Linux machine with following specification.
- Hostname - ant-server.itlab.com
- IP Address - 192.168.116.28/24
- Operating System - Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7.6
Install Apache ANT on RHEL/CentOS 7.6:
Connect to ant-server.itlab.com using ssh.
Install Apache ANT package with yum command.
[root@ant-server ~]# yum install -y ant
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ant.noarch 0:1.9.4-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-devel >= 1.5.0 for package: ant-1.9.4-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: xerces-j2 for package: ant-1.9.4-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: xml-commons-apis for package: ant-1.9.4-2.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64
---> Package xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xalan-j2 >= 2.7.1 for package: xerces-j2-2.11.0-17.el7_0.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: xml-commons-resolver >= 1.2 for package: xerces-j2-2.11.0-17.el7_0.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: osgi(org.apache.xml.resolver) for package: xerces-j2-2.11.0-17.el7_0.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: osgi(org.apache.xml.serializer) for package: xerces-j2-2.11.0-17.el7_0.noarch
---> Package xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7 will be installed
---> Package xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7 will be installed
---> Package xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
ant noarch 1.9.4-2.el7 localyum 2.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7 localyum 251 k
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7 localyum 9.8 M
xalan-j2 noarch 2.7.1-23.el7 localyum 1.9 M
xerces-j2 noarch 2.11.0-17.el7_0 localyum 1.1 M
xml-commons-apis noarch 1.4.01-16.el7 localyum 227 k
xml-commons-resolver noarch 1.2-15.el7 localyum 108 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 15 M
Installed size: 47 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 195 MB/s | 15 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64 1/7
Installing : xml-commons-apis-1.4.01-16.el7.noarch 2/7
Installing : xml-commons-resolver-1.2-15.el7.noarch 3/7
Installing : xalan-j2-2.7.1-23.el7.noarch 4/7
Installing : xerces-j2-2.11.0-17.el7_0.noarch 5/7
Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64 6/7
Installing : ant-1.9.4-2.el7.noarch 7/7
Verifying : xml-commons-apis-1.4.01-16.el7.noarch 1/7
Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : xml-commons-resolver-1.2-15.el7.noarch 3/7
Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : ant-1.9.4-2.el7.noarch 5/7
Verifying : xalan-j2-2.7.1-23.el7.noarch 6/7
Verifying : xerces-j2-2.11.0-17.el7_0.noarch 7/7
Installed:
ant.noarch 0:1.9.4-2.el7
Dependency Installed:
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7
java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7
xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7
xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0
xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7
xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7
Complete!
Apache ANT requires Java Development Kit (JDK) therefore, it has installed the available version of OpenJDK from yum repository.
Create a Java Project:
We will first create a simple Java application and then compile and build the JAR by using Java commands.
Let's create required directory structure for our project.
[root@ant-server ~]# mkdir -p ~/TestApp/{src/test,build/classes,build/jar}
Here,
src/test directory is used for keeping the source code of our Java Application i.e. TestApp.
build/classes directory is used for place the compiled Java classes.
build/jar directory is used to generate JAR (Java Archive) from the compiled Java classes.
Check the directory structure.
[root@ant-server ~]# cd TestApp
[root@ant-server TestApp]# ls
build src
[root@ant-server TestApp]#
Create a file in src/test directory.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# vi src/test/TestApp.java
and write some Java code here.
package test;
public class TestApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Testing Apache Ant...");
}
}
Compile TestApp.java and check for any possible errors.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# javac -sourcepath src -d build/classes src/test/TestApp.java
[root@ant-server TestApp]# ls build/classes/
test
[root@ant-server TestApp]# ls build/classes/test/
TestApp.class
Our code has been successfully compiled.
Now, execute the compiled application.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# java -cp build/classes/ test.TestApp
Testing Apache Ant...
Since, our application is running fine, we can now create a JAR file from compiled classes.
To create a JAR, we need to create a JAR manifest for our Java Project.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# echo "Main-Class:test.TestApp" > mymanifest
Create a JAR file now.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# jar cvfm build/jar/test.jar mymanifest -C build/classes/ .
added manifest
adding: test/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: test/TestApp.class(in = 434) (out= 299)(deflated 31%)
Execute JAR file.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# java -jar build/jar/test.jar
Testing Apache Ant...
We have successfully compiled our Java code and then build a JAR file by using Java commands.
Compile and Build With Apache ANT:
Now, we will compile the same application by using Apache ANT commands.
Create an Apache ANT Build File build.xml for our project.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# vi build.xml
Define some basic Targets and Tasks therein.
<project default="run">
<target name="clean">
<delete dir="build" />
</target>
<target name="compile" depends="clean">
<mkdir dir="build/classes" />
<javac srcdir="src" destdir="build/classes" includeantruntime="yes" />
</target>
<target name="jar" depends="compile">
<mkdir dir="build/jar" />
<jar destfile="build/jar/test.jar" basedir="build/classes">
<manifest>
<attribute name="Main-Class" value="test.TestApp" />
</manifest>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="run" depends="jar">
<java jar="build/jar/test.jar" fork="true" />
</target>
</project>
Run the Project using Apache ANT.
[root@ant-server TestApp]# ant
Buildfile: /root/TestApp/build.xml
clean:
[delete] Deleting directory /root/TestApp/build
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/TestApp/build/classes
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to /root/TestApp/build/classes
jar:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/TestApp/build/jar
[jar] Building jar: /root/TestApp/build/jar/test.jar
run:
[java] Testing Apache Ant...
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second
We have successfully compiled and build our Java application by using Apache ANT commands.
Here, we used a RHEL/CentOS 7.6 machine, but the same build.xml file can be used to compile and build our Java application on any other platform.
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