JUnit is an open source unit testing framework for Java programming language. JUnit plays a very important role in test-driven development. Junit is linked as a JAR at compile-time. The framework resides under package org.junit for Junit 4 or later. JUnit can be integrated with Apache Ant to create a deployment pipeline for Java applications.
In this article, we will install and Integrate Apache Ant with JUnit on CentOS 7.
Table of Contents:
- System Specification
- Install Java Development Kit (JDK) on CentOS 7
- Install Apache Ant on CentOS 7
- Install JUnit on CentOS 7
- Create a Java Project
System Specification:
We have a CentOS 7 virtual machine with following specification:
- Operating System - CentOS 7
- Hostname - junit-01.example.com
- IP Address - 192.168.116.131/24
Install Java Development Kit (JDK) on CentOS 7:
Connect to junit-01.example.com using ssh.
Install Java Development Kit (JDK) using yum command.
# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk
Install Apache Ant on CentOS 7:
Install Apache Ant using yum command.
# yum install -y ant
Verify installation of Java Development Kit (JDK) and Apache Ant.
# java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_191" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)# ant -version Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.4 compiled on November 5 2018
Java Development Kit (JDK) and Apache Ant are installed on our CentOS 7 system.
Install JUnit on CentOS 7:
Install JUnit packages using yum command.
# yum install -y junit ant-junit
Create a Java Project:
Create a directory structure to store Java source and build files. Please read our previous article Install and Build with Apache ANT on RHEL/CentOS 7.6
# mkdir -p ~/myMathApp/{src/myMathApp,build/classes,build/jar}
Now, Write some Java code.
# vi ~/myMathApp/src/myMathApp/Calculate.java
We write a class Calculate, that perform some basic arithmatic operations. The Java code is as follows:
package myMathApp;
public class Calculate {
public int sum(int num1, int num2)
{
return num1 + num2;
}
public int average(int num1, int num2, int num3)
{
return (num1 + num2 + num3)/3;
}
}
Create an Apache Ant build.xml file to compile and run this code with ant command.
# vi ~/myMathApp/build.xml
We are using the same build.xml script that we have used in our previous article.
<project default="run">
<target name="clean">
<delete dir="build" />
</target>
<target name="compile" depends="clean">
<mkdir dir="build/classes" />
<javac srcdir="src"
destdir="build/classes"
includeantruntime="yes" />
</target>
<target name="jar" depends="compile">
<mkdir dir="build/jar" />
<jar destfile="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" basedir="build/classes">
<manifest>
<attribute name="Main-Class" value="myMathApp.Calculate" />
</manifest>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="run" depends="jar">
<java jar="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" fork="true" />
</target>
</project>
You may have notice that, we have adjusted some parameters in build.xml file according to our project.
# cd ~/myMathApp/ # ant Buildfile: /root/myMathApp/build.xml clean: [delete] Deleting directory /root/myMathApp/build compile: [mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/classes [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /root/myMathApp/build/classes jar: [mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/jar [jar] Building jar: /root/myMathApp/build/jar/myMathApp.jar run: [java] Error: Main method not found in class myMathApp.Calculate, please define the main method as: [java] public static void main(String[] args) [java] or a JavaFX application class must extend javafx.application.Application [java] Java Result: 1 BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 1 second
Here run target is throwing an error, because our Java Class lacks a main procedure. There is no need to worry, we already know that, therefore, just ignore this error.
Our Java project is successfully compiled and built with Apache Ant here.
Now, write another Java Class to perform unit testing of our Calculate class.
# vi ~/myMathApp/src/myMathApp/CalculateTest.java
We have write another class CalculateTest for testing Calculate class as follows:
package myMathApp;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class CalculateTest {
Calculate Calculator = new Calculate();
@Test
public void testSum() {
int sum = Calculator.sum(2,5);
int testsum = 7;
assertEquals(sum, testsum);
}
@Test
public void testaverage() {
int average = Calculator.average(9, 18, 27);
int testaverage = 18;
assertEquals(average, testaverage);
}
}
Copy junit class libraries to Project's lib directory.
# mkdir ~/myMathApp/lib # cp /usr/share/java/junit* lib/ # cp /usr/share/java/ant/ant-junit* lib/
Edit build.xml file to include lib directory to compile target.
<project default="run">
<target name="clean">
<delete dir="build" />
</target>
<path id="classpath">
<fileset dir="lib" includes="**/.jar" />
</path>
<target name="compile" depends="clean">
<mkdir dir="build/classes" />
<javac srcdir="src"
destdir="build/classes"
classpathref="classpath"
includeantruntime="yes" />
</target>
<target name="jar" depends="compile">
<mkdir dir="build/jar" />
<jar destfile="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" basedir="build/classes">
<manifest>
<attribute name="Main-Class" value="myMathApp.Calculate" />
</manifest>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="run" depends="jar">
<java jar="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" fork="true" />
</target>
</project>
Run ant command again.
# ant
Buildfile: /root/myMathApp/build.xml
clean:
[delete] Deleting directory /root/myMathApp/build
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to /root/myMathApp/build/classes
jar:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/jar
[jar] Building jar: /root/myMathApp/build/jar/myMathApp.jar
run:
[java] Error: Main method not found in class myMathApp.Calculate, please define the main method as:
[java] public static void main(String[] args)
[java] or a JavaFX application class must extend javafx.application.Application
[java] Java Result: 1
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second
Include a test target in build.xml file to perform unit testing with JUnit.
<project default="run">
<target name="clean">
<delete dir="build" />
</target>
<path id="classpath">
<fileset dir="lib" includes="**/.jar" />
</path>
<target name="compile" depends="clean">
<mkdir dir="build/classes" />
<javac srcdir="src"
destdir="build/classes"
classpathref="classpath"
includeantruntime="yes" />
</target>
<target name="test" depends="jar">
<junit printsummary="yes">
<classpath>
<path refid="classpath" />
<path location="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" />
</classpath>
<batchtest fork="yes">
<fileset dir="src" includes="**/*Test.java" />
</batchtest>
</junit>
</target>
<target name="jar" depends="compile">
<mkdir dir="build/jar" />
<jar destfile="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" basedir="build/classes">
<manifest>
<attribute name="Main-Class" value="myMathApp.Calculate" />
</manifest>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="run" depends="jar">
<java jar="build/jar/myMathApp.jar" fork="true" />
</target>
</project>
Run Ant Job for test target.
# ant test
Buildfile: /root/myMathApp/build.xml
clean:
[delete] Deleting directory /root/myMathApp/build
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to /root/myMathApp/build/classes
jar:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/jar
[jar] Building jar: /root/myMathApp/build/jar/myMathApp.jar
test:
[junit] Running myMathApp.CalculateTest
[junit] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.018 sec
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second
test target performs two tests and both tests are successful.
To test it, produce a logical error in Calculate.java class.
package myMathApp;
public class Calculate {
public int sum(int num1, int num2)
{
return num1 - num2;
}
public int average(int num1, int num2, int num3)
{
return (num1 + num2 + num3)/2;
}
}
Run Ant Job again after producing some logical errors in Calculate.java.
# ant test
Buildfile: /root/myMathApp/build.xml
clean:
[delete] Deleting directory /root/myMathApp/build
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to /root/myMathApp/build/classes
jar:
[mkdir] Created dir: /root/myMathApp/build/jar
[jar] Building jar: /root/myMathApp/build/jar/myMathApp.jar
test:
[junit] Running myMathApp.CalculateTest
[junit] Tests run: 2, Failures: 2, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.023 sec
[junit] Test myMathApp.CalculateTest FAILED
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2 seconds
You may notice that, both tests are FAILED now.
We have successfully install and integrate Apache Ant with JUnit on CentOS 7.
