Install Jetty 9 Web Server on CentOS 7

Jetty is a Java HTTP web server and Java servlet container. Jetty is a free and open source project developed and maintained by Eclipse Foundation. Jetty is used in many open source projects and products. Jetty can be easily embedded in devices, tools, frameworks, application servers and clusters.

In this article, we will install Jetty 9 web server on CentOS 7 and then deploy a Java web application on it.

 

Table of Contents:

• System Specification
• Installing OpenJDK 8 on CentOS 7
• Installing Jetty 9 Web Server on CentOS 7
• Deploy a Java Web Application on Jetty 9 Web Server

 

System Specification:

We have provisioned a CentOS 7 virtual machine with following specification, for Jetty 9 installation.

• Hostname - jetty-01.example.com
• IP Address - 192.168.116.166/24
• Operating System - CentOS 7.6
• Jetty version - Jetty 9.4

 

Installing OpenJDK 8 on CentOS 7:

Connect with jetty-01.example.com using ssh as root user.

Jetty requires JVM to execute Java web applications. Therefore we are installing OpenJDK using yum command.

[root@jetty-01 ~]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk
...
Installed:
  java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.212.b04-0.el7_6

Dependency Installed:
  atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-1.el7
  avahi-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.31-19.el7
  cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-3.el7
  copy-jdk-configs.noarch 0:3.3-10.el7_5
  cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-35.el7
  dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
  dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
  fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7
  fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7
  fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7
  gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7
  giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7
  graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3
  gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-3.el7
  gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7
  harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7
  hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7
  jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7
  java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.212.b04-0.el7_6
  javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7
  jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7
  libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7
  libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7
  libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-2.el7
  libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-2.el7
  libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7
  libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7
  libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7
  libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7
  libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7
  libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7
  libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7
  libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7
  libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7
  libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7
  libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7
  libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7
  libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7
  libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7
  libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7
  libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7
  libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7
  libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-6.el7
  libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7
  libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-27.el7_3
  libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7
  libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7
  libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7
  libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7
  lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7
  mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6
  mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6
  mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6
  mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.0.5-4.el7_6
  pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-2.el7_6
  pcsc-lite-libs.x86_64 0:1.8.8-8.el7
  pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7
  python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7
  python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7
  ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-42.el7
  tzdata-java.noarch 0:2019a-1.el7
  xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7
  xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.5-9.el7

Complete!

Set Java environment variables.

[root@jetty-01 ~]# echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.212.b04-0.el7_6.x86_64" >> /etc/profile
[root@jetty-01 ~]# . /etc/profile
[root@jetty-01 ~]# env | grep JAVA_HOME
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.212.b04-0.el7_6.x86_64

Ensure Java installation by checking the version.

[root@jetty-01 ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_212"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-b04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.212-b04, mixed mode)

OpenJDK has been installed on CentOS 7.

 

Installing Jetty 9 Web Server on CentOS 7:

Create a user to own Jetty software.

[root@jetty-01 ~]# useradd jetty

Download latest version of Jetty from Eclipse website. Earlier releases can be download from Maven Central.

[root@jetty-01 ~]# cd /tmp
[root@jetty-01 tmp]# curl -O https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/eclipse/jetty/jetty-distribution/9.4.18.v20190429/jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429.tar.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 18.4M  100 18.4M    0     0  95411      0  0:03:22  0:03:22 --:--:--  110k

Extract downloaded file to /opt directory.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# tar zxvf jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429.tar.gz -C /opt/
...
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/transactions.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/unixsocket-forwarded.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/unixsocket-http.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/unixsocket-http2c.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/unixsocket-proxy-protocol.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/unixsocket-secure.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/unixsocket.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/webapp.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/modules/websocket.mod
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/notice.html
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/README.TXT
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/start.ini
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/start.jar
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/VERSION.txt
jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/webapps/README.TXT

Create a soft link for /opt/jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/ directory.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# ln -s /opt/jetty-distribution-9.4.18.v20190429/ /opt/jetty

Set Jetty software ownership to jetty user.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# chown -R jetty:jetty /opt/jetty/

We need to set environment variables for Jetty server. You can also set JAVA_OPTIONS specific to Jetty web server here.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# cat > /etc/default/jetty << EOF
> JETTY_HOME=/opt/jetty
> JETTY_BASE=/opt/jetty/webapps
> JETTY_USER=jetty
> JETTY_HOST=0.0.0.0
> JETTY_ARGS=jetty.port=8080
> EOF

Create and set privileges on Jetty’s run directory.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# mkdir /var/run/jetty
[root@jetty-01 tmp]# chown jetty:jetty /var/run/jetty

Allow Jetty service port in Linux Firewall.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
success
[root@jetty-01 tmp]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

Create a systemd unit for Jetty service.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/jetty.service

and add following directives therein.

[Unit]
Description = Jetty Web Server
After = syslog.target network.target

[Service]
User = jetty
ExecStart = /opt/jetty/bin/jetty.sh start
ExecStop = /opt/jetty/bin/jetty.sh stop
ExecReload = /opt/jetty/bin/jetty.sh restart
Type = forking

[Install]
WantedBy = multi-user.target

Start and enable Jetty service.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# systemctl enable jetty.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/jetty.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/jetty.service.
[root@jetty-01 tmp]# systemctl start jetty.service

Browse URL http://jetty-01.example.com:8080/ from a client's browser.

Jetty 9 web server has been installed on CentOS 7.

 

Deploy a Java Web Application on Jetty 9 Web Server:

Download a Java project source from GitHub.

We are downloading simple-crud-app, which is a simple Hello World application.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# curl -O https://codeload.github.com/trdngy/toy-project-1/zip/master
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 15923    0 15923    0     0   2994      0 --:--:--  0:00:05 --:--:--  4201

Extract downloaded file.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# unzip master
...
  inflating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/java/com/luv2code/crud/service/CustomerServiceImpl.java
   creating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/resources/
  inflating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/resources/persistence-mysql.properties
   creating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/webapp/
   creating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/
  inflating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
  inflating: toy-project-1-master/src/main/webapp/index.jsp

This project is powered by Apache Maven, therefore, we have to install Apache Maven to compile this project.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# yum install -y maven
...
Installed:
  maven.noarch 0:3.0.5-17.el7

Dependency Installed:
  aether-api.noarch 0:1.13.1-13.el7
  aether-connector-wagon.noarch 0:1.13.1-13.el7
  aether-impl.noarch 0:1.13.1-13.el7
  aether-spi.noarch 0:1.13.1-13.el7
  aether-util.noarch 0:1.13.1-13.el7
  aopalliance.noarch 0:1.0-8.el7
  apache-commons-cli.noarch 0:1.2-13.el7
  apache-commons-codec.noarch 0:1.8-7.el7
  apache-commons-io.noarch 1:2.4-12.el7
  apache-commons-lang.noarch 0:2.6-15.el7
  apache-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.1.2-7.el7
  apache-commons-net.noarch 0:3.2-8.el7.centos
  atinject.noarch 0:1-13.20100611svn86.el7
  avalon-framework.noarch 0:4.3-10.el7
  avalon-logkit.noarch 0:2.1-14.el7
  bcel.noarch 0:5.2-18.el7
  cal10n.noarch 0:0.7.7-4.el7
  cdi-api.noarch 0:1.0-11.SP4.el7
  cglib.noarch 0:2.2-18.el7
  easymock2.noarch 0:2.5.2-12.el7
  felix-framework.noarch 0:4.2.1-5.el7
  geronimo-annotation.noarch 0:1.0-15.el7
  geronimo-jms.noarch 0:1.1.1-19.el7
  google-guice.noarch 0:3.1.3-9.el7
  guava.noarch 0:13.0-6.el7
  hamcrest.noarch 0:1.3-6.el7
  httpcomponents-client.noarch 0:4.2.5-5.el7_0
  httpcomponents-core.noarch 0:4.2.4-6.el7
  jakarta-commons-httpclient.noarch 1:3.1-16.el7_0
  java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.212.b04-0.el7_6
  javamail.noarch 0:1.4.6-8.el7
  javassist.noarch 0:3.16.1-10.el7
  jboss-ejb-3.1-api.noarch 0:1.0.2-10.el7
  jboss-el-2.2-api.noarch 0:1.0.1-0.7.20120212git2fabd8.el7
  jboss-interceptors-1.1-api.noarch 0:1.0.2-0.9.20120319git49a904.el7
  jboss-jaxrpc-1.1-api.noarch 0:1.0.1-7.el7
  jboss-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 0:1.0.1-9.el7
  jboss-transaction-1.1-api.noarch 0:1.0.1-8.el7
  jline.noarch 0:1.0-8.el7
  jsch.noarch 0:0.1.50-5.el7
  jsoup.noarch 0:1.6.1-10.el7
  junit.noarch 0:4.11-8.el7
  jzlib.noarch 0:1.1.1-6.el7
  log4j.noarch 0:1.2.17-16.el7_4
  maven-wagon.noarch 0:2.4-3.el7
  nekohtml.noarch 0:1.9.14-13.el7
  objectweb-asm.noarch 0:3.3.1-9.el7
  plexus-cipher.noarch 0:1.7-5.el7
  plexus-classworlds.noarch 0:2.4.2-8.el7
  plexus-component-api.noarch 0:1.0-0.16.alpha15.el7
  plexus-containers-component-annotations.noarch 0:1.5.5-14.el7
  plexus-containers-container-default.noarch 0:1.5.5-14.el7
  plexus-interactivity.noarch 0:1.0-0.14.alpha6.el7
  plexus-interpolation.noarch 0:1.15-8.el7
  plexus-sec-dispatcher.noarch 0:1.4-13.el7
  plexus-utils.noarch 0:3.0.9-9.el7
  qdox.noarch 0:1.12.1-10.el7
  regexp.noarch 0:1.5-13.el7
  sisu-inject-bean.noarch 0:2.3.0-11.el7
  sisu-inject-plexus.noarch 0:2.3.0-11.el7
  slf4j.noarch 0:1.7.4-4.el7_4
  tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-9.el7_6
  xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7
  xbean.noarch 0:3.13-6.el7
  xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0
  xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7
  xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7

Complete!

Verify Apache Maven installation by checking its version.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.0.5 (Red Hat 3.0.5-17)
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 1.8.0_212, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.212.b04-0.el7_6.x86_64/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

Compile the source to generate WAR file. We will deploy this WAR on our Jetty 9 web server.

[root@jetty-01 tmp]# cd toy-project-1-master/
[root@jetty-01 toy-project-1-master]# mvn compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building simple-crud-app Maven Webapp 0.0.1
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:resources (default-resources) @ simple-crud-app ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) @ simple-crud-app ---
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 8 source files to /tmp/toy-project-1-master/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.954s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed May 15 01:18:17 PKT 2019
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/32M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Build WAR file to deploy on our Jetty 9 web server.

[root@jetty-01 toy-project-1-master]# mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building simple-crud-app Maven Webapp 0.0.1
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:resources (default-resources) @ simple-crud-app ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) @ simple-crud-app ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:testResources (default-testResources) @ simple-crud-app ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /tmp/toy-project-1-master/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ simple-crud-app ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.10:test (default-test) @ simple-crud-app ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /tmp/toy-project-1-master/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------

Results :

Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:3.2.0:war (default-war) @ simple-crud-app ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [simple-crud-app] in [/tmp/toy-project-1-master/target/simple-crud-app]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [/tmp/toy-project-1-master/src/main/webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [378 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: /tmp/toy-project-1-master/target/simple-crud-app.war
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.324s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed May 15 01:19:15 PKT 2019
[INFO] Final Memory: 9M/92M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Copy the generated WAR file in Jetty 9 webapps directory.

[root@jetty-01 toy-project-1-master]# mv /tmp/toy-project-1-master/target/simple-crud-app.war /opt/jetty/webapps/

If you access the URL http://jetty-01.example.com:8080/ , you may notice that our application is automatically added in Jetty 9 web server.

Browser URL http://jetty-01.example.com:8080/simple-crud-app/ to access our Java Web Application via Jetty 9 web server.

We have successfully deployed a Java web application in our Jetty 9 web server on CentOS 7. If you want to know more about Jetty, then you should read Java Web Services: Up and Running by O'Reilly Media.