In this article, you will learn how to install Docker on Ubuntu 19 server and execute some basic commands on that Docker host.
Docker is a set of Platform as a Service (PaaS) products that use operating system level virtualization to deliver software in packages called Containers. Containers are isolated from one another and bundle their own software, libraries and configuration files; they can communicate with each other through well-defined channels. All containers are run by a single operating-system kernel and are thus more lightweight than virtual machines. (Courtesy: Wikipedia)
The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine. Docker Engine was initially developed in 2013 and now it is maintained by Docker, Inc.
Docker is a Freemium product and available in both Enterprise (commericial) and Community (free) editions.
This Article Provides:
Docker Features:
Some of the core features of Docker are.
- Easy and Faster Configuration
- Increase productivity
- Application Isolation
- Routing Mesh
- Swarm - A cluster of Docker host machines
- Security Management
- Services
Environment Specification:
We are using a Ubuntu virtual machine with following specification.
- CPU - 3.4 Ghz (2 cores)
- Memory - 2 GB
- Storage - 40 GB
- Operating System - Ubuntu Server LTS 18.04
- Hostname - docker-01.sysadminlabs.com
- IP Address - 192.168.116.216 /24
- Admin User - ahmer
Updating Installed Packages on Ubuntu 18.04:
Connect with docker-01.sysadminlabs.com as ahmer user by using a ssh tool like PuTTY.
Update existing software packages using apt command.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco InRelease
Get:2 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates InRelease [97.5 kB]
Get:3 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-backports InRelease [88.8 kB]
Get:4 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security InRelease [97.5 kB]
Fetched 284 kB in 3s (88.5 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
84 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
There are 84 package upgrades are available. Install these upgrades by using following command.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo apt upgrade
...
Setting up keyboard-configuration (1.178ubuntu12.1) ...
Your console font configuration will be updated the next time your system
boots. If you want to update it now, run 'setupcon' from a virtual console.
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up openssl (1.1.1b-1ubuntu2.4) ...
Setting up cloud-guest-utils (0.31-0ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up sg3-utils (1.42-2ubuntu1.18.04.1) ...
Setting up initramfs-tools-bin (0.131ubuntu19.2) ...
Setting up librados2 (13.2.6-0ubuntu0.18.04.4) ...
Setting up apt-utils (1.8.3) ...
Setting up libdevmapper-event1.02.1:amd64 (2:1.02.145-4.1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up liblvm2app2.2:amd64 (2.02.176-4.1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.47+dfsg-3ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up systemd (240-6ubuntu5.8) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/resolved ...
Setting up netplan.io (0.98-0ubuntu1~18.04.1) ...
Setting up console-setup-linux (1.178ubuntu12.1) ...
Setting up initramfs-tools-core (0.131ubuntu19.2) ...
Setting up snapd (2.42.1+18.04) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.lib.snapd.snap-confine.real ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/xdg/autostart/snap-userd-autostart.desktop ...
snapd.failure.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
snapd.snap-repair.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Setting up systemd-sysv (240-6ubuntu5.8) ...
Setting up console-setup (1.178ubuntu12.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up cloud-init (19.3-41-gc4735dd3-0ubuntu1~18.04.1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/cloud/templates/ntp.conf.debian.tmpl ...
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.131ubuntu19.2) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up ubuntu-minimal (1.431.1) ...
Setting up libnss-systemd:amd64 (240-6ubuntu5.8) ...
Setting up sg3-utils-udev (1.42-2ubuntu1.18.04.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up friendly-recovery (0.2.39ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/50-curtin-settings.cfg'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-38-generic
done
Setting up libpam-systemd:amd64 (240-6ubuntu5.8) ...
Setting up ubuntu-standard (1.431.1) ...
Setting up liblvm2cmd2.02:amd64 (2.02.176-4.1ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up dmeventd (2:1.02.145-4.1ubuntu4.2) ...
dm-event.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
Setting up lvm2 (2.02.176-4.1ubuntu4.2) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up ubuntu-server (1.431.1) ...
Processing triggers for install-info (6.5.0.dfsg.1-4build1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.29-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for rsyslog (8.32.0-1ubuntu7) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...
Processing triggers for plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text (0.9.4-1ubuntu1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.12-1ubuntu1.1) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.131ubuntu19.2) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-38-generic
cryptsetup: WARNING: The initramfs image may not contain cryptsetup binaries
nor crypto modules. If that's on purpose, you may want to uninstall the
'cryptsetup-initramfs' package in order to disable the cryptsetup initramfs
integration and avoid this warning.
Installing Docker on Ubuntu 18.04:
Docker is available in apt repository, therefore, we can easily install it on Ubuntu server by using a single apt command.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo apt install docker.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
libdumbnet1
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
bridge-utils cgroupfs-mount containerd dns-root-data dnsmasq-base pigz runc
ubuntu-fan
Suggested packages:
ifupdown aufs-tools debootstrap docker-doc rinse zfs-fuse | zfsutils
The following NEW packages will be installed:
bridge-utils cgroupfs-mount containerd dns-root-data dnsmasq-base docker.io
pigz runc ubuntu-fan
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 52.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 258 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB]
Get:2 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/main amd64 bridge-utils amd64 1.6-2ubuntu1 [30.5 kB]
Get:3 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B]
Get:4 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe amd64 runc amd64 1.0.0~rc7+git20190403.029124da-0ubuntu1 [1,904 kB]
Get:5 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe amd64 containerd amd64 1.2.6-0ubuntu1 [19.4 MB]
Get:6 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/main amd64 dns-root-data all 2018091102 [5,472 B]
Get:7 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/main amd64 dnsmasq-base amd64 2.80-1ubuntu1 [314 kB]
Get:8 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-updates/universe amd64 docker.io amd64 18.09.7-0ubuntu1~18.04.5 [30.7 MB]
Get:9 http://pk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/main amd64 ubuntu-fan all 0.12.12 [34.6 kB]
Fetched 52.5 MB in 4min 40s (188 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package pigz.
(Reading database ... 67367 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-pigz_2.4-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking pigz (2.4-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package bridge-utils.
Preparing to unpack .../1-bridge-utils_1.6-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bridge-utils (1.6-2ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cgroupfs-mount.
Preparing to unpack .../2-cgroupfs-mount_1.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package runc.
Preparing to unpack .../3-runc_1.0.0~rc7+git20190403.029124da-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking runc (1.0.0~rc7+git20190403.029124da-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package containerd.
Preparing to unpack .../4-containerd_1.2.6-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking containerd (1.2.6-0ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dns-root-data.
Preparing to unpack .../5-dns-root-data_2018091102_all.deb ...
Unpacking dns-root-data (2018091102) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dnsmasq-base.
Preparing to unpack .../6-dnsmasq-base_2.80-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dnsmasq-base (2.80-1ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package docker.io.
Preparing to unpack .../7-docker.io_18.09.7-0ubuntu1~18.04.5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking docker.io (18.09.7-0ubuntu1~18.04.5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ubuntu-fan.
Preparing to unpack .../8-ubuntu-fan_0.12.12_all.deb ...
Unpacking ubuntu-fan (0.12.12) ...
Setting up dnsmasq-base (2.80-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up runc (1.0.0~rc7+git20190403.029124da-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up dns-root-data (2018091102) ...
Setting up bridge-utils (1.6-2ubuntu1) ...
Setting up pigz (2.4-1) ...
Setting up cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ...
Setting up containerd (1.2.6-0ubuntu1) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service â /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
Setting up ubuntu-fan (0.12.12) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ubuntu-fan.service â /lib/systemd/system/ubuntu-fan.service.
Setting up docker.io (18.09.7-0ubuntu1~18.04.5) ...
Adding group `docker' (GID 115) ...
Done.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/docker.socket â /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket.
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.12-1ubuntu1.1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (240-6ubuntu5.8) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...
Enable and start Docker service.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo systemctl enable --now docker
Synchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service â /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
Verify Docker version.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ docker --version
Docker version 18.09.7, build 2d0083d
Installing Docker Compose on Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS:
Compose (or Docker Compose) is a software tool to define and run multi-container Docker applications. Docker Compose uses a YAML file create, run and configure application services.
We can install docker-compose on our preferred Linux distro using the same command.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.4/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[sudo] password for ahmer:
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 617 100 617 0 0 696 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 695
100 16.3M 100 16.3M 0 0 551k 0 0:00:30 0:00:30 --:--:-- 636k
Grant execution permissions to all users on docker-compose executable.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
Create a soft link to docker-compose command in common binary path, so the command can be accessible from any path.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
Execute docker-compose command and check its version.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker-compose --version
docker-compose version 1.25.4, build 8d51620a
Docker Compose has been installed successfully on Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS.
Executing Basic Docker Commands on Ubuntu 18.04:
Search for Alpine Linux in Docker online registry (Docker Hub).
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker search alpine
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
alpine A minimal Docker image based on Alpine Linux⦠6038 [OK]
mhart/alpine-node Minimal Node.js built on Alpine Linux 453
anapsix/alpine-java Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.28 over A⦠439 [OK]
frolvlad/alpine-glibc Alpine Docker image with glibc (~12MB) 231 [OK]
gliderlabs/alpine Image based on Alpine Linux will help you wi⦠181
alpine/git A simple git container running in alpine li⦠113 [OK]
mvertes/alpine-mongo light MongoDB container 108 [OK]
yobasystems/alpine-mariadb MariaDB running on Alpine Linux [docker] [am⦠58 [OK]
alpine/socat Run socat command in alpine container 45 [OK]
kiasaki/alpine-postgres PostgreSQL docker image based on Alpine Linux 45 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-tomcat Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 with⦠40 [OK]
zzrot/alpine-caddy Caddy Server Docker Container running on Alp⦠35 [OK]
jfloff/alpine-python A small, more complete, Python Docker image ⦠33 [OK]
easypi/alpine-arm AlpineLinux for RaspberryPi 32
byrnedo/alpine-curl Alpine linux with curl installed and set as ⦠28 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-sshd Dockerize your OpenSSH-server with rsync and⦠27 [OK]
etopian/alpine-php-wordpress Alpine WordPress Nginx PHP-FPM WP-CLI 23 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-fpm-php Dockerize your FPM PHP 7.4 upon a lightweigh⦠22 [OK]
zenika/alpine-chrome Chrome running in headless mode in a tiny Al⦠16 [OK]
bashell/alpine-bash Alpine Linux with /bin/bash as a default she⦠14 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-java-unlimited-jce Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.21 over A⦠13 [OK]
spotify/alpine Alpine image with `bash` and `curl`. 10 [OK]
tenstartups/alpine Alpine linux base docker image with useful p⦠9 [OK]
roribio16/alpine-sqs Dockerized ElasticMQ server + web UI over Al⦠7 [OK]
cfmanteiga/alpine-bash-curl-jq Docker Alpine image with Bash, curl and jq p⦠5 [OK]
Pull the image of Alpine Linux using docker command.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker pull alpine
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
c9b1b535fdd9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ab00606a42621fb68f2ed6ad3c88be54397f981a7b70a79db3d1172b11c4367d
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
List Docker images that are locally available on our Ubuntu 18.04 server.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 6 days ago 5.59MB
Create a Docker container in interactive mode using Alpine Linux image and execute some test commands on it.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker run -it --rm alpine /bin/sh
/ # uname -a
Linux 40c0683c7989 5.0.0-38-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Tue Dec 3 00:27:35 UTC 2019 x86_64 Linux
/ # cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Alpine Linux"
ID=alpine
VERSION_ID=3.11.3
PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.11"
HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/"
/ # exit
Create a Docker container in detach mode using Alpine Linux image.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker run -d alpine
0ad0a833a2b3e0e1c6a9735f27e8849786708d23f7c9070645d2c55650903c02
Check list of recently executed containers.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ad0a833a2b3 alpine "/bin/sh" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago mystifying_blackburn
Remove a Docker container.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker container rm 0ad0a833a2b3
0ad0a833a2b3
Remove an image that is locally available on our Ubuntu 18.04 server.
ahmer@docker-01:~$ sudo docker rmi alpine
Untagged: alpine:latest
Untagged: alpine@sha256:ab00606a42621fb68f2ed6ad3c88be54397f981a7b70a79db3d1172b11c4367d
Deleted: sha256:e7d92cdc71feacf90708cb59182d0df1b911f8ae022d29e8e95d75ca6a99776a
Deleted: sha256:5216338b40a7b96416b8b9858974bbe4acc3096ee60acbc4dfb1ee02aecceb10
We have successfully installed Docker on Ubuntu 18.04 server and executed some basic commands thereon. You should also read our guide on how to install Docker on CentOS 8.
We have only performed the installation of Docker on Ubuntu 18.04 here, if you wish to learn more about containers then you should read Docker in Action by Manning Publications.
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